Roles of Characters in Henrik Ibsen´s A Doll´s House Essay

Reading Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å" A doll’s house† it proves that the writer puts importance on the characters and the roles they play in the stories. The main characters in this story pretend more to be someone else than who reader would prefer them instead of being their true selves. The one person whose character highly stood out throughout the whole story and who’s role couldn’t do more justice than said in the story to point where to seems like she leads two different lives is none other than Nora. According to her husband Torvald, Nora is childish even though she is his wife but however she is loving but little that he is aware that she’s unpredictably a strong and an independent woman. As the plays moves forward readers will highly realize†¦show more content†¦His life was the reason why she was forced to take a loan from a rich man named as Mr. Krosgstad. Nora not only got this loan hiding and behind Torvald’s back but also she broke the legal process a women is allowed to obtain it. Nora’s friend, Mrs. Linden, remarks â€Å"a wife can’t borrow [money] without her husband’s consent† (Ibsen 848). This while act proves that Nora is not solely a money loving person, or the person who just follows her husband’s instructions given out to her but she is a determined individual who does what is needed for the best and safe side of her loved ones. Finally after ample of acts in the play when Torvald finds out of the debt and Nora’s forgery he becomes angry at Nora for what she have done. It was in that moment when Nora finally understood that she was not completely herself through out her marriage with Torvald as she is found defending her position on her actions and in her dialogues she states that â€Å"When I look back on it now†¦ I lived by performing tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so† (Ibsen 885). It was clear to her that Nora was nothing more than a means of entertainment for her own husband as he would ask her to dance for him and Torvald, as much as he might have critiqued her in the end for her childish behavior, Nora points out that it is for performing thoseShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreNora s Escape From Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesHonors Modern Literature 7 October 2016 Nora’s Escape Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House follows Nora’s struggles to escape the firm grasp of her domineering husband. Throughout the novel, Nora is depicted as obedient to her husband, Torvald, and never dares to stand up to him. Torvald’s condescension and thinly veiled misogyny continuously confines Nora to her strict 19th century gender role. The title of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House mirrors Nora’s sense of oppression and lack of agency as sheRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1381 Words   |  6 PagesHL 9 May 2017 The Role of Symbolism in Nora’s Transformation from Repression to Liberation in A Doll’s House The play in prose A Doll’s House is written by Henrik Ibsen, and set in Norway in 1879. By inserting symbols into the storyline, Henrik Ibsen reveals the theme of female submissiveness and male superiority during the 19th century and highlights character revelation in the play, namely through Nora’s transformation from being repressed to being liberated. Ibsen includes a varietyRead MoreDemonstrating Womens Rights in Henrik Ibsens Play, A Doll House786 Words   |  3 Pages1800’s. The playwright, Henrik Ibsen, uses this play as an instrument to open our eyes to a different view of what life was like for women back then. Many of his critics view his play as a demonstration of humanism, even though as the play evolves, the audience is able to distinguish how women wanted to be love, considered, and treated; instead of how they were actually interpreted. In 1879, in a quaint doll house lived a family and their house staff, a play by Henrik Ibsen: â€Å"A Doll House†. NoraRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s Ibsen 1459 Words   |  6 PagesHenrik Ibsen is a very common and almost an essential person if you where to judge him by his plays. Ibsen plays are a symbolic representation of how to deal with the reality of social issues. Social issues can be manipulated and used as a powerful political weapon. During this period writers would commonly form information in order to gain the attention and support of the public. Henrik Ibsen understood human nature, he played a crucial role in exploring and illuminating society by uniting honestyRead MoreThe Feminist Movement Of Henrik Ibsen s Ibsen 1555 Words   |  7 PagesGranted that, Ibsen had disclosed that he was not consciously writing the play to support the feminist movement, nor did he have any intentions to motivate women to follow Nora’s footsteps. He actually had tr eated a Scandinavian who had followed Nora’s footsteps distastefully, and criticized her because she took her child when running away, instead of running away by herself (Templeton 35). The reason for his hypocritical attitude to the woman was to protect himself from the many critics that wereRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1302 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen is a play about the story of Nora Helmer, a childish woman who once borrowed money from a worker named Krogstad for the sole purpose of saving the life of her husband, Torvald Helmer. Her husband treated her like a child throughout their entire marriage due to his gender superiority and due to this treatment she leaves him at the end of the play. Most people view Nora Helmer as a feminist heroine due to her abi lity to stand up and break free fromRead MoreCritical Analysis of a Doll House1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen s background provided him the insight to write the play A Doll House. In Britannica Biographies, Ibsen s father lost his business and the family s financial stability when Ibsen was a young child. Because of the family s financial misfortunes, at the age of 15, Ibsen was forced to leave home and venture out on his own. He supported himself meagerly as an apothecary s apprentice and studied at night to prepare for university

Olbers Paradox - Why the Night Sky Is Dark

Student Loan Debt Forgiveness Stimulus For The Economy

Student Loan Debt Forgiveness: Stimulus for the Economy Alan Collinge did not mean to become the poster child for student loan debt injustice. He was an average American with an average American s plan: get a student loan, go to school, get a good job, pay off student loan, get married, get house with white picket fence, have kids and grandkids, and die happy. After attaining three degrees in aerospace engineering, Collinge was left with a debt of approximately $50,000. He went to work at Caltech in 1998, and made a poor to middling salary of $35,000 a year. And, he began to repay his student loans. One day, Collinge realized he was going to be short a payment, called the bank to let them know, and was assured that everything was going to be fine. He continued his payments the next month, only now he was receiving statements that every payment he made after that one shorted payment had a late charge attached to it. When Collinge called to have the error rectified, he found out that 1 ) he did not have a federal student loan, but a loan through a for-profit company and, 2) the company was not going to remove the late charges. This was the tip of a very large iceberg that was about to sink Collinge s life plan, and the beginning of a story that is all too common among American college graduates, especially since 9/11. It turns out, debt is big business, and corporations have former students by the purse strings. Student debt totals more than $1 trillion in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Student Loan1256 Words   |  6 PagesApplebaum laments that from the student loan industry point of view, the student debt is there to help the loan providers amass funds from the youngest, economically vulnerable and financially unstable of which graduates form the majority. The loans have come with immense opportunity cost as the â€Å"educated poor† are not able to buy homes, invest or innovate, start businesses or engage in economically viable activities wh ile the few up the echelons of power are benefiting. Tuition rates have escalatedRead MoreLoan Loans And Loan Debt1785 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States Students are beneficiaries of student loans summing up to around $1.2 trillion. Student loan debt has grown to surpass consumer credit card debt to settle only second to mortgages. The great burden of loan repayment on graduates forced activist groups championing for loan forgiveness emerging led by Robert Applebaum. The federal government proposed policy responses encompassing reduction of interest rates, more flexible and enabling loan repayment plans, pardon of student loan schemes andRead MoreIntroduction. In The Recent Years, There Has Been An Increasing1016 Words   |  5 Pagesfees for college students. This has been brought about by high cost of living and inflation. In addition, college tuition fees today as compared to 50 years back have increased exponentially. As a result, more students are opting to applying and taki ng student loans provided by the federal government. Consequently, statistics show that the amount of student dept is souring. This has led to economists start debating on the impact the ever-increasing student dept has on the economy of the United StatesRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?1009 Words   |  5 PagesForgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† states Robert Applebaum’s solution for student loan debt is a â€Å"radical and wildly unfeasible solution† in both economically and politically. Applebaum’s proposal is to â€Å"provide a one-time bailout of student debt†¦as a way to stimulate the still-limping economy.† However, Webley counters the solution has to have â€Å"the purported benefited and fairness of a one-time student loan bailout.† In Webley’s essay, in the sixth paragraph she mentions the average debt totalRead MoreStudent Loan Loans Should Not Be Forgiven938 Words   |  4 Pages Should student loan borrowers be forgiven for their debt? The cumulative total of student loan borrowing has already reached $1 trillion dollars already make up more than half of what Barack Obama is pushing to cap the amount any borrower must pay back and forgive outstanding debt after 20 years, even so calling to forgive some or all of the debt that is escalating. Robert Applebaum, the Author behind the Student Loan Forgiveness Act, believes that student loan should be forgiven to highlight anRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?1227 Words   |  5 PagesForgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† states Robert Applebaum’s solution for student loan debt is a â€Å"radical and wildly unfeasible solution both economically and politically. Applebaum’s proposal is to â€Å"provide a one-time bailout of student debt†¦as a way to stimulate the still-limping economy.† However, Webley counters that the solution has to have â€Å"the purporte d benefited and fairness of a one-time student loan bailout.† In Webley’s essay, in the sixth paragraph she mentions the average debt totalRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Is Not A Opportunity1817 Words   |  8 PagesWithout a doubt, today’s purpose of college is to foster student development. However, it’s become unclear with the rising costs of tuition as well as the growing importance of preparation for a job upon graduation. In fact, universities are no longer seen as simply a place of higher education. They are rather professional junctions from which students can become secure jobs and steady income afterward. This is partially due to the fact that graduating high school is no longer seen as an accomplishmentRead MoreStudent Loan Debt And Why It Is A Problem Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pages Student Loan Debt and why it is a Problem Student loan debt affects college students all over the United States. Today students are having to take out loans in order to pay for all of their college expenses. It can be a pain to deal with the hassle of paying back the loans. The problems with student loans include causing students to go into debt that they are not able to pay them off in the given time which makes them put major life decisions on hold, and the debt stay with the student evenRead MoreStudent Loan Crisis Research Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesMany of the protesters occupying Wall Street and other places say they are upset about the rising price of going to college. There is little dispute today that the number of students who have debt has increased, and that the amount of money they have borrowed has gone up (Billitteri). Many students incur large amounts of debt that will never pay dividends in higher wages or greater job satisfaction, and they graduate into a world with weak employment prospects. Its a b etrayal of the American socialRead MoreThe Obama Administration : The Bush Administration Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesObama has favored internal stimulus packages. So is deficit spending is as necessary as the freedom with our budgets over the last several decades indicates? As millennials, most feel the last 30 years indicate that it is an integral part of our economy: there has never been a moment where the national checkbook has been completely ignored. Joseph Stiglitz, a nobel prize winner, argues that deficit spending increases economic growth and decreases long term government debt (governmentisgood.com). Deficit

The Achaemenid Era Of The Persian Empire - 1652 Words

The Achaemenid Era of The Persian Empire was founded in 550 BCE. At its height of power it the empire â€Å"encompassed approximately 3 million square miles, spanning three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe.† (Persian) The true rise to power of the Persian Empire can be attributed back to one man, Cyrus the Great. Cyrus was born to Camyses I, the King Ansan, and his wife, Mandane. (Religion p. 3) When Cyrus became King his Kingdom was still forced to recognize the Median Lordship of Astyages, a dynasty that had ruled the area for the previous 150 years. In 559 BCE Cyrus formed a rebellion against the Astyages and upon his victory married his daughter Amytis cementing the Medes and Persians together to begin the forming of the Persian Empire. (Briant p. 33) It is believed, although some scholars dispute, that in 547 BCE Cyrus conquered the Lydian Empire and Asia Minor. It must be noted that Cyrus did not attack the Lydian Empire outright, but only responded after Lyd ia attacked the Persian city of Pteria. In response to the attack Cyrus started his campaign against the Lydian empire and did not stop until he had united all of Asia Minor. In 540 BCE Cyrus invaded and conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Again it should be noted that the Neo-Babylonian Empire has conquered many Kingdoms and Cyrus used this as the justification of his invasion. After taking Babylon, Cyrus declared himself â€Å"King of Babylon and King of the four corners of the world.† (Cyrus)Show MoreRelatedThe Empire Of The Persian Empire1051 Words   |  5 Pagesup resulting in a huge change. The leader of the Persian realm named Cyrus was able to gain much territory after a ruler from Lydia named Croesus attempted to provoke Cyrus. Winter was approaching and Croesus was expecting Cyrus to retreat while he retreating back to his capital at Sardis. After, Cyrus was able to invade and take Sardis successfully. This victory over Lydia was significant in aiding the dev elopment and expansion of the Persian empire. There were important social, economic, and culturalRead MoreThe Greek And Persian Empires1156 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the years, many historians have acknowledged that the classical era was a time when Greek and Persian Empires flourished. With that being said, from approximately 323-800 B.C.E., both the Greek and Persian Empire were experiencing periods of economic, political, and artistic growth. The Persians, like the Greeks, were Indo Europeans, and were located by the Mediterranean Sea, which consequently allowed Greeks and Persians to develop similarities. At this time, many emerging civilizations lackedRead MoreHow Did The Persian Kings Control And Govern The Various Parts Of Their Realm?2543 Words   |  11 Pages Griffin Bassman Professor Frame Ancient Near East History 12/5/14 How did the Persian kings control/govern the various parts of their realm? Consider at least three different geographical areas The origins of Cyrus the Great are rather unclear and highly disputed. Multiple accounts range from him being the grandson of the Median King Astyages to being the son of a poor Persian family of a disreputable clan. Although there can be no certainty, as with most everything from the ancientRead MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Empire906 Words   |  4 Pageslater great Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius empire. 3. Satrapies pg. 163 A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller areas, similar to states and governors. Significance- This system allowed a massive empire to be governedRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1305 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreThe Formation of Achaemenid Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Formation of Achaemenid Persia has always been known to its own people as Iran ( the land of Aryans ), although for centuries it was referred to as Persia (Pars or Fars ) by Europeans. In 1935 the government specified that it should be called Iran; however, in 1949 they allowed both names to be used. Most people today, know Persia through its carpet , its caviar, or through its importance as one of the worlds major oil producer countries. Yet,Persia has one of theRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1302 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreDay of Empire Essay2004 Words   |  9 PagesDay Of Empire Summer Reading Essay Empires have dominated our globe for centuries on, yet no one has linked the connection between how these empires rise, and what causes their reign to end. Through collective studies, Day Of Empire author  Amy Chua  presents a persuasive theory which argues that hyper powers achieved their world dominance through tolerance of culture and religion, as well as the individuals residing in the conquered society, amassing their talents for the benefit of theRead MoreThe War Of The Persian War854 Words   |  4 PagesGreece there were many famous wars and conquerors, in every era. These wars were all recorded in early history and lasted a couple of years. The only one that was not, or is thought to be made up, is the Trojan War. The only things they can go off of are the stories and the ruins of the city of Troy. Another famous war was the Persian wars. This war was the first big war between the persian empire and Spartans/Athens. After the Persian war, the Peloponnesian war too k place, which was led by spartaRead MoreThe Conquests and Legacy of Alexander the Great Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesendeavors echoed far and wide, bringing about new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander earned his place in the world’s history and is worthy of the title ‘The Great’ because of his military prowess, his idealism and his legacy. During the course of his life and reign, Alexander had fought and won many battles and wars, defeating many kings and warlords throughout the ancient world. Perhaps his most recognized conquest was of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and its ‘King of Kings’ Darius III during

The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma Free Essays

The United States throughout its history has been built by the hard work and contributions of immigrants. Immigration has always been a vital part of the development of this nation from Colonial days until now; however, Illegal Immigrations has become an issue that is not just discussed by the politicians in Washington, DC and those Border States that are been affected most by it. The issue of Illegal Immigration over the last decade or so is now an issue that seems to be affecting more aspects of the Nation than most seem to be aware of. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Illegal immigration has the United facing a situation that it has not had to deal with in over two centuries. The issue of illegal immigration is poses several questions that need to be addressed; how did we get ourselves in the predicament that we are in? Was it the Government Policies and Laws that were or are not being enforced? Maybe, the lack of border security or could those employers who hire known illegal immigrants be the cause. Another, topic that needs to be address when considering the dilemma facing the US is; What impact does Illegal Immigration have on the countries overall Economic System? How does this problem affect our Health Care System, our Educational Systems and Employment opportunities for legal Tax-paying citizens? The most important topic of all is; what is a viable solution to the problem of Illegal Immigration? What type of Immigration Reform will work for all parties involved? Will allowing States to come up with their own laws, instead of relying on the Federal Laws be the right answer, or will revising the 14th Amendment, or Amnesty is the solution? Congress’ major intent when creating Immigration Laws and Policies both early in US history and recently was to accomplish the several goals; â€Å"First, to reunite families by admitting immigrants who already have family members living in the United States. Second, seeks to admit workers with specific skills and to fill positions in occupations deemed to be experiencing labor shortages. Third, it attempts to provide a refuge for people who face the risk of political, racial, or religious persecution in their country of origin. Finally, it seeks to ensure diversity by providing admission to people from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States† (Congressional Budget Office, 2006 p. 8); however, there are others actions, or lack of action by government agencies that seem to counteract the very intent of the laws and policies created. One example is the lack of funding and enforcement of our countries border security system. Another example is the non-enforcement of laws and policies governing employers who knowing hire illegal immigrants. Statements like the following by then President Bush, sums up the US governments state of mind and the country’s National Interest concerning the Illegal Immigration issue; â€Å"the U. S needs more cheap labor from south of the border to do the jobs Americans aren’t willing to do, there are uncalculated cost involved in the importation of such labor – public support and uninsured medical costs† (Costs of Immigration, 2007, para. 1). Illegal Immigration’s impact on the US economy can be seen in the following areas: Our Health Care System, our Education System and in Employment Opportunities for legal citizens. The net fiscal cost of immigration ranges from $11 billion to $22 billion per year, with most government expenditures on immigrants coming from state and local coffers, while most taxes paid by immigrants go to the federal treasury. The net deficit is caused by a low level of tax payments by immigrants, because they are disproportionately low-skilled and thus earn low wages, and a higher rate of consumption of government services, both because of their relative poverty and their higher fertility. This is especially true of illegal immigration. Even though illegal aliens make little use of welfare, from which they are generally barred, the costs of illegal immigration in terms of government expenditures for education, criminal justice, and emergency medical care are significant. California has estimated that the net cost to the state of providing government services to illegal immigrants approached $3 billion during a single fiscal year. The fact that states must bear the cost of federal failure turns illegal immigration, in effect, into one of the largest unfunded federal mandates. Yet we still have those who believe that illegal immigrants do not have an adverse effect on the economy (â€Å"Center for Immigration Studies†, 2006, para. 1). The Health Care system here in the US has probably seen the biggest impact of illegal immigration when looking at the overall picture and considering the dilemma as a whole. An example of these effects in Texas is the statement made by â€Å"Rick Alleyer, director of research for the Health and Human Services Commission, said illegal immigrant health care – mostly emergency hospital care – cost the state over $100 million last year† (Illegal Immigrant Care, 2010, para. 5). Throughout the country in states like Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California hospitals have had to either closing their doors completely or file bankruptcy because of federally mandated programs requiring free emergency room services to all illegal immigrants. The effects of illegal immigration on the US educational systems may not be as profound as they are for the health care system, the impact is noticeable enough for educators, politicians and state governments to consider when they receive yearly reports of how poorly their schools are performing, the increase in student population, and how the cost of education continues to increase. According to Edwin Rubenstein, â€Å"Immigrant children are poorer than native-born children, and their numbers have increased far faster. At least 19 percent of all K-12 enrollments are the result of immigration. In excess of 9. 2 million are immigrants or the children of immigrants. Because of their lack of language abilities, they take 25 percent of funding. Out of $499. 1 billion in the 2008 school year, $125 billion was spent on foreign born children† (Illegal Alien Education Impact, 2008, par. 7). Notice this was just considering secondary schools in the state of California. There are numerous states and schools that are rewarding illegal immigrants for enrolling in the schools, yet they are denying the same subsidies to lawful students or legal immigrants. The ever increasing number of illegal immigrants flowing into the US every month plays a dramatic role in displacing American workers, over the past five years it is estimated that 1 million legal citizens have been replaced by immigrants allow to come this country on work visas. Another area for concern pertaining to illegal immigration and its effect on employment opportunities is, the trend among illegal immigrants changing from the traditional few industrial area and parts of the country, integrating themselves into all sectors of the economy throughout the nation. The concern here is the increasing widespread demand for their labor. Having discussed some of the areas that our country are faced with, and most do something about, we now will look at some possible solutions on how to deal with this dilemma. Realizing that Immigration Reform is must do, what areas need to be addressed, and what adjustments need to be made is the question at hand. One of the many Immigration Laws and Policies that has been created over the years is the 14th Amendment and the â€Å"anchor baby† concept. This amendment has been in the news and on the mouths of politicians almost as much as Immigration Reform itself. The question that needs to be addressed is will amending this amendment provide enough assistance to drastically decrease the flow of illegal immigrants into the country? If we look at the direct effects that the 14th amendment has on the country some feel very strong about amending this amendment. For example some believe that rescinding the citizenship of anchor babies; â€Å"American hospitals welcome anchor babies†¦Anchor babies are citizens, and instantly qualify for public welfare aid: Between 300,000 and 350,000 anchor babies annually become citizens because of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution: ‘All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside. ’† (Illegal aliens threaten U.  S. economic system, 2008, para. 12). The concept of individual states enacting their own laws and initiatives could be the short term solution. Arizona’s AZ SB 1070 law, even though not fully implemented, is one such example of states taking matters into their own hands not waiting on the Federal government to enforce the laws they created. Arizona Senator Russell Pearce (2010) â€Å"characterizes the illegal immigration problem as one of invasion and quotes the Constitution: â€Å"The United States shall guarantee that every State of this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion† (p. ). Arizona is not the only state that has come up with laws to help deal with the illegal immigration population in their states; you have states like Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, and Oklahoma. The state of California has a bill that has begun the signature process, the California Taxpayer Protection Act of 2010, Initiative 09-0010. This bill is for â€Å"real world citizens, â€Å"The people of California have an opportunity to curb the illegal immigration. Many in California may not have seen the grass lately, but we’ve been seeding our roots† (Dvorak, 2009, p. ) The Illegal Immigration Amnesty bill was signed into law by President Reagan in 1986 in an effort to provide amnesty to illegal immigrants that entered the country before 1982. The intent was to be tighter security on the borders and stricter penalties for employers hiring undocumented workers. Needles to say, this law seem to accomplish the exact opposite. There are some who believe that with the proper oversight and funding this could prove to be a viable solution to the illegal immigration problem that the U. S. aces today. There are also those who believe that the Amnesty Law is a major cause of illegal immigration, many immigrants believe that once they get here to the U. S. they will qualify for amnesty in a matter of time. â€Å"Many in California believe the federal government has dropped the immigration ball over the last 40 years. â€Å"In Washington D. C. they have a few nicknames; reform is code word for amnesty† (Dvorak, 2009, p. 2) It is without a doubt that the US was founded on immigration and its many contributions over the years. The dilemma that we face today brings into question if the laws and policies of the past are serving their intended purposes, if they are still beneficial to the country, and if there are new laws that need to be created to address some of the issues that have been created because illegal immigration. Even though actual numbers of illegal immigrants were not discussed because of inaccurate data; the issues concerning how did we get to this point; what are the impacts of illegal immigration on the countries social and economic systems, and probably the ost the most import issue is what are we going to do about it. The solution to this dilemma should include, not just the enforcement, of the policies and laws established but, it should also make sure they are properly funded as well. The solution should contain initiatives that address those topics that negative effect the country as well as initiative that reward positive effects of illegal immigration; keeping in mind the countries national security and national interests in mind. References http://www.redstate.com/renny/2010/08/17/az-sen-russell-pearce-on-his-states-immigration-law-and-the-rest-of-us/ http://www.theamericanresistance.com/articles/art2005mar13.html http://www.rense.com/general81/illega.htm How to cite The United States Illegal Immigration Dilemma, Essay examples

Healthcare Performance Analysis

Question: Research and analyze healthcare performance data in two countries. The two countries which are selected for the comparison are Australia and Canada. Answer: This study aims to research and analyze healthcare performance data in two countries. The two countries which are selected for the comparison are Australia and Canada. A comprehensive comparison will be made in the areas such as funding system (including health insurance systems), governance system, selected population health indicators, health system performance and % GDP spent on Health. This study will also define each of the measures and will provide the results and commentary for the comparison has been utilized to demonstrate healthcare. In Australia, Healthcare is provided by the private as well as the government institutions. The Australian healthcare system offers worldwide access to an inclusive range of services that are mostly funded through universal taxation. In the year 1984, Medicare was introduced which covers worldwide access to the treatment which is free in public hospitals and financial assistances for medical services (Oderkirk et al., 2013). This country possesses a federal system of government, through a Commonwealth (national government) along with two territories and six states. Health remained the liability of the states, at Federation. Though, the Commonwealth Government holds the maximum authority to raise revenue, so the states rely on fiscal transfers so that their systems of health can be supported by the Commonwealth (Morgan et al., 2013). This makes the system of Australian health care a versatile division of roles and responsibilities of the different states of Australia. It is also notic eable by a complex interaction of the public as well as the private sectors. It is also essential to note the number of insured individuals aged over 65 is 1.86 million which represents that around 53% of the populations of Australia are aged over 65 (Eijkenaar et al., 2013). Rising levels of insurance across the elderly Australians is a necessary factor in making sure that this country possesses the ability to deliver outstanding healthcare as its populations get older (Janssen, 2013). On the other hand, in Canada, Healthcare is publicly funded which is mostly cost-free, and most of its services are provided by the private entities. Through federal standards, the government of this country endeavors to guarantee the quality of care (Oderkirk et al., 2013). There is no participation by the government in everyday care or collection of information regarding the health of individuals. The provincially based Medicare systems are partly cost-effective because of the simplicity in administration. In the provinces, the doctors handle the claim of insurance against the provincial insurer (Mossialos et al., 2015). The expenditure of private health accounts for around 30% of finances associated with healthcare. In this country, Single-payer healthcare system is followed in which the costs of healthcare are paid by the private insurers and not by the state itself. The actual financial support of the single-payer system comes from all or a part of a population (Foroughi et al., 2016). The governance system of Canada is based on a federal democratic system which denotes that there is an existence of two systems in this country. One is a provincial government which is involved in the setting of laws along with regulations intended for the region they represent, and other is a federal system which is involved in the governance of the entire country (Walls et al., 2012). On the other hand, Australia is no different than Canada regarding the governance system. It is compulsory for the individuals residing in the country of Australia to cast their vote in the elections and if in case, if they do not cast their vote they possess a risk of getting behind the bars (Schfer et al., 2015). The governance of these two countries closely resembles each other, and both of them follow the British parliamentary system. Their resemblance can be characterized principally by the fact that both of these countries are the members of the British Commonwealth (Schoen et al., 2012). Considering the selected population health indicators such as maternal and mortality rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth, Health status, low birth weight, diabetes, asthma, hypertension and cancer, the comparison of these two countries can illustrate a clear picture with respect to all these parameters. The first population health indicators which will be compared involves maternal mortality, the ratio of maternal mortality is the number of women who die from the causes that are associated with pregnancy while undergoing through the period of pregnancy or within the termination of pregnancy within 42 days per 1000,000 live births (Bourke et al., 2012). This data is estimated with a model of regression utilizing information on the ratio of maternal deaths (Papanicolas et al., 2013). Maternal mortality rate in Australia is a rare incident in the context of global maternal deaths. From 2008-2012, there had been 106 maternal deaths that took place within 42 days of the end of the pregnancy and represented a ratio of maternal mortality of 7.2 deaths per 1000,000 women who delivered babies (Oderkirk et al., 2013). These deaths ought to be observed as distressing the family and community of the womans. On the other hand, in Canada from 2009-2010, the rate of maternal deaths was 6.1 per 100,000 deliveries. In the year 2010-2011, the most widespread diagnoses that were associated with these deaths was due to the diseases involved with the circulatory, digestive and nervous systems along with some mental disorders (Eijkenaar et al., 2013). Another health indicator which can be compared with respect to both of the countries involves infant mortality rate, which is the number of deaths of infants before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a year. In the year 2012, there were about 1,032 deaths registered in Australia of the infants who died before reaching the age of one. This ratio was a 9.7% decrease compared with the number registered in the year 2011. Over the last decade, there has been a reduction in the number of deaths of the infants, with a few fluctuations, from 1,265 deaths in the year 2002 to 1, 032 in the year 2012. On the other hand in Canada, in the year 2007, the number of deaths of an infant less than one year of age per 1,000 lives was 5.2. It is the second country with the highest rate of infant mortality (Walls et al., 2012). Life Expectancy at Birth, this is the most frequently, utilized measure to describe the health of the population and it reveals the overall level of mortality of a population. It measures on an average how long individuals are expected to survive based on their present age and sex-specific rate of deaths (Kassebaum et al., 2014). In Australia, life expectancy has improved noticeably for the male and the females in the most recent century. In this country, a male who took birth in the 2011-2013 is expected to live to the age of 80 years and a female is expected to survive to 84 years compared to 46.2 and 51.1 years, respectively, in 1882-1890. On the other hand in Canada, the average life expectancy for males who took birth in the year 2013 is 81 and for the females 84. For both the sexes, life expectancy at birth augmented on an average from 76 in 1990 to 82 in 2012 (Janssen, 2013). Health Status is a comprehensive concept that is established the presence or absence of any type of disease. It mainly comprises of functioning, mental well-being, and physical illness. Australians possess a good health, and this country is one of the healthiest countries in the world. The individuals residing in this country have a relatively high expectancy of life, and it could easily remove its burden of diseases from its communities (Mossialos et al., 2015). The rate of mortality is also comparatively low as compared to Canada. In Australia, a decrease in the rates of mortality has resulted in augmented rates of morbidity for several conditions. On the other hand, the health status of Canada achieves a B' with respect to the overall performance of health (Marchildon, 2013). It has third highest rates of mortality because of diabetes, and this disease is continuing to increase. It is raising concerns, not only for the policy-makers of Canada but also to the public. This country a chieves A' regarding the three indicators: premature mortality, mortality as a result of circulatory diseases and self-reported health (Lecours Bland, 2013). It scores a B for life expectancy, mortality as a result of respiratory diseases, mortality as a result of mental disorders and mortality as a reason of medical accidents (Turner et al., 2013). In Australia, around 6% births result in the infants having low weight when they are born. There were 17,565 babies having low weighed during birth which represented 6.10% of all births. From 2001-2003, there were 3,404 lively births of babies having low weight at birth to the Australian Indigenous mothers (Eijkenaar et al., 2013). On the other hand, in Canada, in the year the percentage of babies having low weight at birth was 6.3%. The low weight birth rate remained comparatively steady between 1979 and 2011, ranging from 5.6% to 6.3% (Deber, 2014). In the year 2010, the percentage of low birth weight was lesser than as compared to girls. In the year, 2010, the percentage of rates of low birth weight was above the national average for mothers between 35 to 49 years (Osborn Squires, 2012). In Australia, the occurrence of obesity and overweight has been progressively rising for the past thirty years. Around 65% of Australians adults, in the year 2011-2012, were categorized as obese or overweight and more than 30% of them fell into the category of obese (ABS 2013). In the year 2007, approximately 26% of children aged 3-16 were obese or overweight, with 7% (Mossialos et al., 2015). A report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2009, predicted that there will be a constant augmentation in the rate of obesity and overweight across all the groups of age in the next decade, to approximately 68% of the population. On the other hand, in Canada, one in four adults and one in 10 children possess obesity, which means that 6 million Canadians suffering from obesity may require instant support in controlling as well as managing their weight. According to Forbes, it ranks 33 on a 2007 list of fattest countries, having 61.2% of its citizens possessing a body mass index of at least 25 (Eijkenaar et al., 2013) It has considerably increased in the case of children between the years 1989 and 2005, with rates in males increasing from 3% to 14% and rates among females increasing from 3% to 13% (Foroughi et al., 2016). Talking about diabetes, in 2011-12, an estimated 921,000 Australian adults aged 20 years and above had diabetes, based onmeasured and self-reported data, from theABS 201112 Australian Health Survey. It included individuals withtype 1 diabetes and type 2diabetes. Around 2% of the adult population did not report that they suffered from diabetes, which indicated that they were ignorant that they had this condition, contrasted with 5% who were aware of it and reported their condition of diabetes. On the other hand, Fifty-eight percent of Canadians suffering from diabetes reported they cannot stick to prescribed treatment due to the high cost of required medications, supplies, and devices. Because of fear of stigma, 38% of Canadian individuals with type 2 diabetes surveyed by the Canadian Diabetes Association reported they do not feel comfortable revealing their diabetes (Lecours Bland, 2013). In Australia, 1 in 10 individuals has asthma. This disease is more widespread in males aged 114, but among those aged 15 and above, it is more widespread in females (Marchildon, 2013). The rate of asthma among the Indigenous Australians, the rate of asthma is almost two times as high as compared to the non-Indigenous Australians. It is even more noticeable in the elderly age group. It is more prevalent in the individuals residing in the areas that are socioeconomically deprived. The occurrence of this disease is considerably higher in the individuals dwelling in inner remote areas compared with the individuals residing in main cities or outer regional areas (Kassebaum et al., 2014). In Canada, rates of asthma have augmented four-fold over the most recent 20 years. Though asthma-related deaths have reduced to some extent, it still causes around seven deaths every week, in spite of advances in what we know regarding the condition and the accessibility of effectual medications. More than 2 million people of this country suffer from asthma and every year it adds to around 360 deaths (Mossialos et al., 2015). In 2012-13, approximately one-third of all adult Australians suffered from hypertension, comprising 22.5% of the individuals having high blood pressure and 10.2% having normal blood (Papanicolas et al., 2013). Males were more probable to have hypertension in comparison to females. Hypertension was extensively more common at older ages, with approximately 9 in 10 individuals aged 80 years and above having hypertension. On the other hand, in Canada, in 2007/08, almost 6.5 million Canadians aged 25 years or more had diagnosed hypertension (around 6.10 million adults; 4.2 million females and 3.8 million males, crude frequency) (Fineberg, 2012). The rate of occurrence of hypertension among the individuals aged 21 years and above was 23.8% in 2007/08 (25.0% for females and 22.4% for males, crude frequency) (Sussman et al., 2012). This frequency is constant but fairly elevated as compared to the self-reported value reported as of the 2008/09 survey of Canadian Community Health (Turner et al., 2013). The values of Self-reported hypertension might be lesser because around 6% of individuals who report treatment meant for hypertension do not report having hypertension in Canadian self-report surveys, probably for the reason that they believe that they do not suffer from hypertension or else their hypertension has been cured when their blood pressure is controlled by means of medication or alteration in lifestyle (Tchouaket et al., 2012). Talking about the prevalence of cancer in Australia, in the year 2013, there were 123,934 new cancer cases were diagnosed (68,289 males and 54,806 females). In the year 2013, the age-standardized occurrence rate was 486 cases for every 100,000 individuals (573 for males and 413 for females).In the future years, it is expected the incidence of cancer will generally increase with age (Nicholson et al., 2012). The proportions of widespread cases of cancer in the population of Canada increased considerably more than the time periods considered. The three-year occurrence ratio for all types of cancers combined at a yearly rate of 3.0% from 1998 to 2009, following steady from 1995 to 1998. Likewise, the five-year occurrence ratio rose by 3.1% per year from 1998 to 2009, and the ten-year ratio, by 3.4% per year from 2003 to 2009 (Brown et al., 2014). Performance measurement and reporting of health in Australia, utilizing performance indicators, is undertaken by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments, as well as a number of private health-care providers (Lecours Bland, 2013). The measurement of Health system Performance is essential to improve the services that provided by governments as well as other contributors. What is precise reveals the significance to governments, to service providers, to the services (counting taxpayers), in addition to customers along with additional stakeholders. In Australia, national public reporting of measured performance of diverse components of the system of health is carried out by several organizations under nationally approved measures (Marchildon, 2013). Canada achieves a B' with respect to the overall performance of health. It has third highest rates of mortality because of diabetes, and this disease is continuing to increase (Deber, 2014). It is raising concerns, not only for the policy-makers of Canada but also to the public. This country achieves A' regarding the three indicators: premature mortality, mortality as a result of circulatory diseases and self-reported health. It scores a B' for life expectancy, mortality as a result of respiratory diseases, mortality as a result of mental disorders and mortality as a reason of medical accidents (Sussman et al., 2012). Diabetes remains a rising concern. This country has the third highest rate of mortality due to the prevalence of diabetes among the peer countries, and its prevalence goes on to augment (Nicholson et al., 2012). It is raising concerns, not only for the policy-makers of Canada but also to the public. This country achieves A' regarding the three indicators: premature mortality, mortality as a result of circulatory diseases and self-reported health. It scores a B for life expectancy, mortality as a result of respiratory diseases, mortality as a result of mental disorders and mortality as a reason of medical accidents (Smith et al., 2012). As a percentage of GDP, Australias expenditure on health in the year 2009 was much less in comparison to Canada (11.4%) (Tchouaket et al., 2012). In 201011, hospitals were undoubtedly the leading area of health expenditure. They consumed 50% of usual health expenditure (which consecutively made up almost 98% of total health expenditure, the rest being for major equipment and new buildings). The next largest constituent was medical services (19%), including primary services provided by specialists and GPs as private practitioners. Drugs made up another 15%, followed by dental services (8%). On the other hand in Canada, Health expenditure accounted for 11.9% of GDP in Canada in 2013, 1.5 % higher than the OECD average of 9.4%. Though, health expenditure as a share of GDP is much lesser in Canada. The public sector is the major source of funding for health in all OECD countries, except Chile and the United States. In Canada, 75% of health expenditure was financed by public sources in 20 13, somewhat less than the OECD average of 73% (Deber, 2014). Percentage of GDP on Health Source: ((Tchouaket et al., 2012). 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